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1 . Carleton's Computer Science program has $f$ female students and $m$ male students, where $f \geq 1$ and $f + m \geq 4$. The Carleton Computer Science Society has a Board of Directors consisting of a President and three Vice-Presidents, all of whom are Computer Science students. The President is female and cannot be a Vice-President. In how many ways can a Board of Directors be chosen?
(a)
${f + m \choose 4}$
(b)
$f \cdot {f + m \choose 3}$
(c)
$(f - 1) \cdot {f + m \choose 3}$
(d)
$f \cdot {f + m - 1 \choose 3}$