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Question: 2019 Winter Final - 20

Author: Michiel Smid
Let $n \geq 2$ be an integer. Consider a string $c_1,c_2,...,c_n$ of length $n$, in which each character $c_i$ is a uniformly random element of the set $\{1,2,3\}$ (independently of all other characters). Consider the random variable $X$ whose value is the number of indices $i$ with $1 \leq i < n$ for which the product $c_i \cdot c_{i + 1}$ is odd.
What is the expected value $\mathbb{E}(X)$ of the random variable $X$?
Hint: Use indicator random variables.
(a)
$\frac{4}{9} \cdot (n - 1)$
(b)
$\frac{2}{3} \cdot n$
(c)
$\frac{2}{3} \cdot (n - 1)$
(d)
$\frac{4}{9} \cdot n$